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Persistent increase in systemic arterial blood pressure is known as hypertension.
Clinically the term hypertension is used to describe blood pressure that is sustained at a higher level than the generally accepted normal maximum level for a particular age group. They are,
At 20 years 140/90 mm Hg
At 50 years 160/90 mm Hg
At 75 years 170/90 mm H
Classification of Hypertension:
There are two types of Hypertension.
1. Primary or Essential Hypertension (about 95%)
2. Secondary Hypertension (about 5%).
1. Essential Hypertension: In more than 95% of cases a specific underlying cause of hypertension cannot be found. Such patients are said to have essential hypertension.
The pathogenesis of essential hypertension is not clearly understood. But current evidences suggest that varying combination of many potential interacting factors causes the disease. They are,
Sympathetic nervous system dysfunction and other hyper reactivity.
Environmental factors.
Stress and strain
Emotional disturbances
Heredity
Race
Geographical location and climatic condition of place of stay.
Obesity
‘A’ type personalities - over ambitious - over burdened, worrying and hyper-reactive
Faculty way of living - no exercise, using stimulus, improper diet,
Secondary Hyper tension:
In about 5% of unselected cases, hypertension can be shown to be a consequence of a specific disease or abnormality leading to secondary Hypertension.
The causes of this secondary Hypertension are,
Infection or damage to Kidney,Narrowing of aorta or large arteries.,Hardening of arteries, roughening of its lining or thickening of arterial walls (Arteriosclerosis).,Loss of elasticity of arteries/veins or clotting blood or accumulation of fat resulting in the closure of those arteries causing damage of blood organs to which they supply blood.,Pregnancy,Alcohol,Blocks in blood vessels at the time of birth. To overcome these blocks more pressure has to be generated.
Blocks in vessels can be developed in later stage of life. This can mainly happens through TB,Mal functioning of pituitary gland in the brain.,Over activity or under activity of thyroid gland in throat.
Blockages in Renal Vasculatone,Excess secretion of Adrenal hormones,Renal diseases,Renal vascular diseases,Glomerulo nephritis,Polycystic kidney disease,Endocrine diseases,Cushings syndrome,Acromegaly,Primary hypothyroidism,Liddle’s syndrome,Drugs,Oral contraceptives containing estrogens,Anabolic steroids,NSAID,Cortico steroids,Clinical features of Hyper tension :,Mild and occipital headache,Ringing in Ears,Giddiness, easy fatigability
Blurred vision,Disturbed kidney functions,Investigations for Hyper tension :,Radiological investigations,Ambulatory BP recording,Chest X rays,Fasting lipid profile test,Renal ultra sound,Plasma renin activity and aldosterone
Physical examination ,Continued uncontrolled elevated blood pressure for long periods is harmful and ultimately may prove disastrous as it seriously damages important organs like the brain and the heart. Some of the serious implications of neglecting Hypertension for long are Heart attack, Heart failure, Strokes, haemorrhage Paralysis, Impaired vision and Kidney failure.
YOGIC TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION
In yoga using the three basic principles of yoga therapy does the treatment of hypertension.
1) Using Panca kosa theory:
Anna maya kosa: The improper food habit causes increase of blood pressure. So annamaya kosa is involved in the hypertension. This can be corrected only by correcting the food habit. This is by reducing the amount of salt, chilly added to food items, always taking nutritious and balanced food of satvika nature.
Pranamaya kosa: Prana causes the circulation of blood in the body. So in hypertension functioning of prana is improper. Pranamayakosa can be corrected by the practice of pranayama. The pranayama, which are good to control the hypertension, are Ujjayi, Anuloma - Viloma, Shitali, and Chandrabheda.
Manomaya kosa: The hypertension is due to stress and strain then manomaya kosa is the cause of the disease. By proper attitude and regular meditation this can be corrected.
1.Using tridosa theory :
According to tridosa theory hypertension is due to abnormalities of Vata, Pitta or Kapha. The abnormal dosa is confirmed by knowing the causative factors of the hypertension.
If the hypertension is due to increase of blood volume, viscosity, narrowing of blood vessels then the hypertension is due to abnormality of vata. If the hypertension is due to obesity then it is a Kapha related disorder. If the hypertension due to overwork, stress then it is purely pitta related hypertension. In yoga therapy these imbalanced dosas can be corrected by several methods.
Kaphalabhati, Vastra dhauti kriya, Asanas, Ujjayi, Anuloma Viloma pranamaya, corrects the imbalance in kapha dosa. By taking the foods, which have the capacity to melt the kapha like pepper, ginger, and one can overcome kapha related hypertension.
The Vamana dhauti kriya, asanas, shitali pranayama are good to reduce the pitta. The Ghee, tender coconut, green gram are the foods advised to reduce the aggravated pitta. The vata can be controlled by basti kriya, some asanas and bhastrika pranayama. The jira, gingily, menthe are advisable to control vata originated hypertension.
3. By using 25/26 tattva theory:
According to 25/26 theory the gross body is made from pancha mahabhutas. They are Akasa, Vayu, Tejas, Ap, and Prithvi. In a healthy person all these are in equilibrium. Any imbalance in any one of these mahabhutas leads to ill health. In the case of hypertension the Akasa is reduced, Vayu increased, Tejas, Ap, Prithvi may or may not vary. This imbalance in the panca mahabhutas is because of increase of tamoguna in the body. This can be corrected by increase of satva and rajoguna.
The Rajoguna can be increased by physical activity, taking rajasika food and meditating on God Laxmi and Krishna. Meditating on Satvik diety like Saraswati, and Hanumanta can increase the Satva guna.
Also the practice of asanas, pranayamas, meditation leads to properise Mahat, Ahankara and Manas, by which the grosser entities, pancamahabhutas, panca tanmatras, pancakarmendriyas, pancajnanedriyas become free from abnormalities. Thus hypertension can be proporised.
Using these theories the yogic techniques can be advised to the hypertensives. In general the following yoga techniques can be used in treating hypertension.
Kriyas : Trataka.
Asanas : Swasthikasana, Vajrasana, Trikonasana,
Parsvakonasana, Janusirsana, Pavanamuktasana, Bhujanagasana, Dhanurasana, Ustrasana, ViparitakaraniMudra, Halasana, Savasana 1 and 2, Yoga nidra.
Pranayamas: Ujjayi, Anuloma-viloma, Chandrabheda, Bhramari,
Shitali.
Meditation: ‘Om’ meditation, advice the regular meditation
according to family and religious background.
Food: Reduce salty, sour and hot food items.
Reduce the spicy, oily food items.
Take the balanced food in regular time.
Life style:
The life style modification, which are required to control the hypertension are
Stop smoking, alcohol taking.
Maintain the discipline in the sex, hygiene of body and food.
Implement good habits.
Have the sleep in proper time.
All above yogic techniques should be taught partially and gradually, carefully by a yoga instructor. By regularly, sincerely following all above techniques the hypertension becomes normal with in two to three months
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